![]() The Macintosh is based on a unique OS that, for the most part, was developed completely independently from the common operating systems of the time, requiring hardware and software designed specifically for use with the OS. The connection between the development of the Mac back to the Alto project at Xerox PARC has been widely documented, which in turn was itself inspired by Ivan Sutherland's Sketchpad and Doug Engelbart's oN-Line System, which pioneered the development of early graphical user interfaces. There are a variety of views on how the underlying concepts of the Macintosh operating system had originated. The Macintosh operating system was originally developed by Bill Atkinson, Andy Hertzfeld, and Jef Raskin from 1979 to January 1984. The most recent release is macOS 12 "Monterey". With macOS 10.12 "Sierra", the name returned to its roots, but in a style similar to Apple's mobile operating systems which were derived from macOS, such as iOS, iPadOS, tvOS, and watchOS. Each successive release was nicknamed after a wild cat from Mac OS X 10.0 "Cheetah" until OS X 10.9 Mavericks, which officially dropped "Mac" from the name and started using names of natural landmarks in California. Previous Macintosh system software releases became retroactively known as "classic" Mac OS while transitioning to Mac OS X, which was based on NeXTSTEP, a more robust operating system derived from Unix. In December 1996, Apple Computer acquired NeXT, a startup by Apple co-founder Steve Jobs, for its software technology. System 7.5 became known as Mac OS 7.5.1 during a software update in March 1995 and the name of the operating system was changed several times. Originally known simply as " System" software, it shipped with the Macintosh 128K in January 1984 and became the first commercially successful operating system to use a purely graphical user interface. ![]() MacOS, an abbreviation of Macintosh Operating System, is Apple Inc.'s operating system for Apple Macintosh computers, and is closely related to iOS, Apple's mobile operating system for its iPhone and iPod Touch product lines.
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